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2022-11-21 22:26:33 +00:00
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<!-- Inferencium - Website - About -->
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2023-03-05 05:13:07 +00:00
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<!-- Copyright 2022-2023 Jake Winters -->
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause-Clear -->
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2022-11-21 22:26:33 +00:00
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2023-03-09 03:34:34 +00:00
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2022-11-21 22:26:33 +00:00
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2022-06-30 06:19:28 +01:00
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<html>
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2022-11-22 04:19:44 +00:00
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2022-06-30 06:19:28 +01:00
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<head>
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<title>Inferencium - About</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href=inf.css>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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</head>
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2022-11-21 22:26:33 +00:00
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2022-11-22 04:19:44 +00:00
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<!-- Navigation bar. -->
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2022-10-29 01:30:35 +01:00
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<div class="sidebar">
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2022-12-26 06:28:11 +00:00
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<img src="asset/img/logo-inferencium-no_text.png"
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width="110px" height="110px">
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<a class="title">Inferencium</a><br>
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<br>
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<br>
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<div><a href="about.html">About</a></div>
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<div><a href="contact.html">Contact</a></div>
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<div><a href="blog.html">Blog</a></div>
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<div><a href="source.html">Source</a></div>
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2023-01-13 21:09:39 +00:00
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<div><a href="key.html">Key</a></div>
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2022-10-29 01:30:35 +01:00
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</div>
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2022-11-21 22:26:33 +00:00
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2022-06-30 06:19:28 +01:00
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<body>
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2022-10-29 23:54:59 +01:00
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<h1>About</h1>
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<br>
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2022-11-21 22:26:33 +00:00
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<!-- About me. -->
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2023-03-09 03:33:30 +00:00
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<h2>About Me</h2>
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2023-03-09 03:29:06 +00:00
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<p>I am Jake Winters, also known by my psuedonym "Inference", a cybersecurity researcher based in<br>
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United Kingdom.<br>
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2023-03-05 05:13:07 +00:00
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I am the founder, lead developer, and administrator, of Inferencium.<br>
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2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
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All opinions are my own, and are not necessarily shared with projects or people I am
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affiliated with.<br>
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<br>
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2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
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<p>I write about my research and experience in cybersecurity and also physical security.
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Most of my postings are security-related, but I occasionally post about other aspects of my
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life.</p>
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<br>
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<p>I am an open source advocate for the preservation and modifiability of source code. I
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believe source code should be considered human knowledge as much as past knowledge and
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teachings were; it is how modern humanity survives and runs.<br>
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Source code being modifiable allows it to be adapted for use by anyone, whether to add
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features, harden it for increased security and/or privacy, or provide accessibility for
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disabled users.<br>
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I am also a modular design advocate for the ability to securely and robustly make changes to
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hardware and software without the entire system being affected.</p>
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2022-10-29 23:54:59 +01:00
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<br>
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2022-11-03 05:27:50 +00:00
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<p>If you want to contact me for any reason, you can use my
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2022-11-25 04:28:54 +00:00
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<a class="body-link" href="https://inferencium.net/contact.html"
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>contact methods</a>.</p>
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2022-11-03 05:27:50 +00:00
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<br>
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<br>
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<br>
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<h2>Recommendations</h2>
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<!-- Hardware I recommend as production hardware. -->
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<h3>Hardware</h3>
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<h4>Smartphone</h4>
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<div style="overflow-x:auto;">
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="table-title">Type</td>
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<td class="table-title">Hardware</td>
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<td class="table-title">Description</td>
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<td class="table-title">Source model<br>
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<br>
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(License)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="table-main">Smartphone</td>
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<td class="table-main"><img src="asset/img/google-pixel_6.png"
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width="100px" height="100px"/><br>
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<br>
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Google Pixel 6</td>
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2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
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<td>Google Pixel devices are the best Android devices available on the market for
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<a class="table-link" href="https://security.googleblog.com/2021/10/
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pixel-6-setting-new-standard-for-mobile.html"
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2022-11-07 08:55:02 +00:00
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>security and privacy</a>.<br>
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2022-11-03 00:11:16 +00:00
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<br>
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They allow locking the bootloader with a
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<a class="table-link" href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/avb/+/
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master/README.md#pixel-2-and-later"
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>custom Android Verified Boot (AVB) key</a> in order to preserve security and privacy
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features when installing a custom operating system, such as
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<a class="table-link" href="https://source.android.com/docs/security/features/
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verifiedboot/"
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>verified boot</a> which verifies that the OS has not been corrupted or tampered with,
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and
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<a class="table-link" href="https://source.android.com/docs/security/features/
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verifiedboot/verified-boot#rollback-protection"
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>rollback protection</a> which prevents an adversary from rolling back the OS or
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firmware version to a previous version with known security vulnerabilities.<br>
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<br>
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They also include a
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<a class="table-link" href="https://developer.android.com/training/articles/
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keystore#HardwareSecurityModule"
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>hardware security module</a> (Titan M2, improving on the previous generation
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2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
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<a class="table-link" href="https://security.googleblog.com/2018/10/
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building-titan-better-security-through.html"
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>Titan M</a>) which is extremely resistant to both remote and physical attacks due to
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being completely isolated from the rest of the system, including the operating system.
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Titan M2 ensures that the device cannot be remotely compromised by requiring the side
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buttons of the device to be physically pressed for some sensitive operations. Titan M2
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also takes the role of
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<a class="table-link" href="https://source.android.com/docs/security/best-practices/
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hardware#strongbox-keymaster"
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2022-11-07 08:55:02 +00:00
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>Android StrongBox Keymaster</a>,
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a <a class="table-link" href="https://source.android.com/docs/security/features/keystore"
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>hardware-backed Keystore</a> containing sensitive user keys which are unavailable to
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the OS or apps running on it without authorisation from Titan M2 itself.
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<a class="table-link" href="https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/05/
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insider-attack-resistance.html"
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>Insider attack resistance</a> ensures that Titan M2 firmware can be flashed only if the
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user PIN/password is already known, making it impossible to backdoor the device without
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already knowing these secrets.<br>
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2022-10-31 00:22:30 +00:00
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<br>
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2022-11-07 07:54:16 +00:00
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Google Pixel device kernels are compiled with
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<a class="table-link" href="https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/10/
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control-flow-integrity-in-android-kernel.html"
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>forward-edge control-flow integrity</a> and
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<a class="table-link" href="https://security.googleblog.com/2019/10/
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protecting-against-code-reuse-in-linux_30.html"
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>backward-edge control-flow integrity</a> to prevent code reuse attacks against the
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kernel. MAC address randomisation is
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<a class="table-link" href="https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/04/
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changes-to-device-identifiers-in.html"
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>implemented well, along with minimal probe requests and randomised initial sequence
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numbers</a>.<br>
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<br>
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2022-11-07 07:54:16 +00:00
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Google releases
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<a class="table-link" href="https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/pixel/"
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>guaranteed monthly security updates</a>, ensuring Google Pixel devices are up-to-date
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and quickly protected against security vulnerabilities.<br>
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<br>
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Pixel 6-series devices are a large improvement over the already very secure and private
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previous generation Pixel devices. They replace ARM-based Titan M with RISC-V-based
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Titan M2, reducing trust by removing ARM from the equation. Titan M2 is more resiliant
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to attacks than Titan M, and is
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<a class="table-link" href="https://www.tuv-nederland.nl/assets/files/cerfiticaten/2022/
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09/nscib-cc-22-0228971-cert-final.pdf"
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2022-11-07 07:54:16 +00:00
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>AVA_VAN.5 certified</a>, the highest level of vulnerability assessment. Google's
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2022-10-31 00:25:44 +00:00
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in-house Tensor SoC includes Tensor Security Core, further improving device security.<br>
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2022-11-09 03:36:12 +00:00
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<br>
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2022-11-07 07:54:16 +00:00
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Pixel 6-series devices are supported for a
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<a class="table-link" href="https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/
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4457705#zippy=%2Cpixel-and-later"
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>minimum of 5 years from launch</a>, an increase from previous generations'
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<a class="table-link" href="https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/
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4457705#zippy=%2Cpixel-xl-a-a-g-and-a-g"
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>support lifecycles of 3 years</a>.</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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2022-12-20 05:21:08 +00:00
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</div>
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<br>
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<br>
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2023-03-09 03:34:34 +00:00
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<!-- Software I recommend as production software. -->
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2023-03-09 03:31:47 +00:00
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<h3>Software</h3>
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<h4>Desktop</h4>
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<div style="overflow-x:auto;">
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="table-title">Type</td>
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<td class="table-title">Software</td>
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<td class="table-title">Description</td>
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<td class="table-title">Source model<br>
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<br>
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(License)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="table-main">Operating system</td>
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<td class="table-main"><img src="asset/img/logo-gentoo_linux.png"
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width="100px" height="100px"/><br>
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<br>
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Gentoo Linux</td>
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2022-11-08 02:15:09 +00:00
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<td><a class="table-link" href="https://www.gentoo.org/"
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>Gentoo Linux</a> is a highly modular, source-based Linux-based operating system which
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allows vast customisation to tailor the operating system to suit your specific needs.
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There are many advantages to such an operating system, with the most notable being the
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ability to optimise the software for security, privacy, performance, or power usage;
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however, there are effectively unlimited other use cases, or a combination of multiple
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use cases.<br>
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<br>
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I have focused on security hardening and privacy hardening, placing performance below
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those aspects, although my system is still very performant. Some of the hardening I
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apply includes
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<a class="table-link" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_overflow_protection"
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>stack protection</a>,
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<a class="table-link" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_overflow"
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>signed integer overflow wrapping</a>, and GrapheneOS'
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2022-11-07 09:04:09 +00:00
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<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc/"
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>hardened_malloc</a> memory allocator.<br>
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2022-10-30 02:38:49 +00:00
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<br>
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2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
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You can find my personal Gentoo Linux configurations in my personal
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2022-11-07 08:55:02 +00:00
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<a class="table-link" href="https://git.inferencium.net/inference/cfg/"
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>configuration respository</a>.</td>
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<td class="table-main">Open source<br>
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<br>
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(GPLv2-only)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="table-main">Web browser</td>
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<td class="table-main"><img src="asset/img/logo-chromium.png"
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width="100px" height="100px"/><br>
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<br>
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Chromium</td>
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2022-11-08 02:15:09 +00:00
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<td><a class="table-link" href="https://chromium.org/"
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2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
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>Chromium</a> is a highly secure web browser which is often ahead of other web browsers
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in security aspects. It has a dedicated security team and a very impressive
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2022-11-07 08:55:02 +00:00
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<a class="table-link" href="https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/brag-sheet/"
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>security brag sheet</a>.
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Chromium's security features include a strong
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<a class="table-link" href="https://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/LinuxSandboxing"
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>multi-layer sandbox</a>,
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strong <a class="table-link" href="https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/
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site-isolation"
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2022-11-07 08:55:02 +00:00
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>site isolation</a>,
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<a class="table-link" href="https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/
|
|
|
|
|
binding-integrity"
|
2022-11-07 08:55:02 +00:00
|
|
|
>Binding Integrity</a> memory hardening, and
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://www.chromium.org/developers/testing/
|
|
|
|
|
control-flow-integrity/"
|
2022-11-09 02:50:12 +00:00
|
|
|
>control-flow integrity (CFI)</a>.</td>
|
2022-11-09 02:09:59 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main">Open source<br>
|
2022-10-30 02:38:49 +00:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
(BSD 3-Clause)</td>
|
2022-10-29 23:54:59 +01:00
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
2022-12-20 05:21:08 +00:00
|
|
|
</div>
|
2022-10-29 23:54:59 +01:00
|
|
|
<h4>Smartphone</h4>
|
2022-12-20 05:21:08 +00:00
|
|
|
<div style="overflow-x:auto;">
|
2022-10-29 23:54:59 +01:00
|
|
|
<table>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
2022-11-09 03:34:25 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-title">Type</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="table-title">Software</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="table-title">Description</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="table-title">Source model<br>
|
2022-10-30 02:38:49 +00:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
(License)</td>
|
2022-10-29 23:54:59 +01:00
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
2022-11-09 02:09:59 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main">Operating system</td>
|
2022-12-26 07:55:29 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main"><img src="asset/img/logo-grapheneos.png"
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
width="100px" height="100px"/><br>
|
2022-10-29 23:54:59 +01:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
GrapheneOS</td>
|
2022-11-08 02:15:09 +00:00
|
|
|
<td><a class="table-link" href="https://grapheneos.org/"
|
|
|
|
|
>GrapheneOS</a> is a security-hardened, privacy-hardened, secure-by-default
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
Android-based operating system which implements extensive, systemic security and privacy
|
|
|
|
|
hardening to the Android Open Source Project used as its base codebase. Its hardening
|
|
|
|
|
includes closing gaps for apps to access sensitive system information, a secure app
|
|
|
|
|
spawning feature which avoids sharing address space layout and other secrets AOSP's
|
|
|
|
|
default Zygote app spawning model would share,
|
2022-11-07 08:55:02 +00:00
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/GrapheneOS/kernel_gs-gs101/"
|
|
|
|
|
>hardened kernel</a>, hardened memory allocator
|
|
|
|
|
(<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc/"
|
|
|
|
|
>hardened_malloc</a>) to protect against common memory corruption vulnerabilties,
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/GrapheneOS/platform_bionic/"
|
|
|
|
|
>hardened Bionic standard C library</a>,
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/GrapheneOS/platform_system_sepolicy/"
|
|
|
|
|
>stricter SELinux policies</a>, and local and remote hardware-backed attestation
|
2022-11-07 08:55:56 +00:00
|
|
|
(<a class="table-link" href="https://attestation.app/about/"
|
2022-11-09 02:50:12 +00:00
|
|
|
>Auditor</a>) to ensure the OS has not been corrupted or tampered with.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2022-11-07 09:04:09 +00:00
|
|
|
GrapheneOS only supports
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://grapheneos.org/faq#device-support"
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
>high security and well-supported devices</a> which receive full support from their
|
|
|
|
|
manufacturers, including firmware updates, long support lifecycles, secure hardware, and
|
|
|
|
|
overall high security practices.<br>
|
2022-10-30 02:38:49 +00:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
2022-10-29 23:54:59 +01:00
|
|
|
For an extensive list of features GrapheneOS provides, visit its
|
2022-11-07 08:56:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://grapheneos.org/features/"
|
2022-11-09 02:50:12 +00:00
|
|
|
>official features list</a> which provides extensive documentation.</td>
|
2022-11-09 02:09:59 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main">Open source<br>
|
2022-10-29 23:54:59 +01:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
(MIT)</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
2022-10-30 02:38:49 +00:00
|
|
|
<tr>
|
2022-11-09 02:09:59 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main">Web browser</td>
|
2022-12-26 07:55:29 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main"><img src="asset/img/logo-vanadium.png"
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
width="100px" height="100px"/><br>
|
2022-10-30 02:38:49 +00:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
Vanadium</td>
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
<td>Vanadium is a security-hardened, privacy-hardened Chromium-based web browser which
|
|
|
|
|
utilises GrapheneOS' operating system hardening to implement stronger defenses to the
|
|
|
|
|
already very secure Chromium web browser. Its hardening alongside Chromium's base
|
|
|
|
|
security features includes
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Vanadium/blob/13/patches/
|
|
|
|
|
0081-Implement-UI-for-JIT-site-settings.patch"
|
2022-11-08 02:15:09 +00:00
|
|
|
>disabling JavaScript just-in-time (JIT) compilation by default</a>,
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Vanadium/blob/13/patches/
|
|
|
|
|
0051-stub-out-the-battery-status-API.patch"
|
2022-11-08 02:15:09 +00:00
|
|
|
>stubbing out the battery status API to prevent abuse of it</a>, and
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Vanadium/blob/13/patches/
|
|
|
|
|
0084-Toggle-for-navigating-external-URL-in-incognito.patch"
|
2022-11-08 02:15:09 +00:00
|
|
|
>always-on Incognito mode as an option</a>.<br>
|
2022-10-30 02:38:49 +00:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
2022-11-03 00:11:16 +00:00
|
|
|
Vanadium's source code, including its Chromium patchset, can be found in its
|
2022-11-07 08:55:02 +00:00
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Vanadium/"
|
|
|
|
|
>official repository</a>.</td>
|
2022-11-09 02:09:59 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main">Open source<br>
|
2022-10-30 02:38:49 +00:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
(GPLv2-only)</td>
|
2022-11-08 09:56:58 +00:00
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
2022-11-09 02:09:59 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main">Messenger</td>
|
2022-12-26 07:55:29 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main"><img src="asset/img/logo-molly.png"
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
width="100px" height="100px"><br>
|
2022-11-08 09:56:58 +00:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
Molly</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td><a class="table-link" href="https://molly.im/"
|
|
|
|
|
>Molly</a> is a security-hardened, privacy-hardened
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://signal.org/"
|
|
|
|
|
>Signal</a> client which hardens Signal by using a variety of
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/mollyim/mollyim-android#features"
|
2022-11-09 02:46:46 +00:00
|
|
|
>unique features</a>, allowing
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/mollyim/mollyim-android/wiki/
|
|
|
|
|
Data-Encryption-At-Rest"
|
2022-11-08 09:56:58 +00:00
|
|
|
>locking the database when not in use</a>, and
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/mollyim/mollyim-android/blob/
|
|
|
|
|
a81ff7d120adc9d427be17239107343146bad704/app/src/main/java/org/thoughtcrime/securesms/
|
|
|
|
|
crypto/MasterSecretUtil.java#L91"
|
|
|
|
|
>utilising Android StrongBox</a> to protect user keys using the device's hardware
|
|
|
|
|
security module.<br>
|
2022-11-08 09:56:58 +00:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
2022-11-09 02:46:01 +00:00
|
|
|
Molly is available in
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://github.com/mollyim/
|
|
|
|
|
mollyim-android#free-and-open-source"
|
2022-11-09 02:46:01 +00:00
|
|
|
>2 flavours</a>:<br>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Molly, which includes the same proprietary
|
|
|
|
|
Google code as Signal to support more features.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Molly-FOSS, which removes
|
|
|
|
|
the proprietary Google code to provide an entirely open source client.</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul></td>
|
2022-11-09 02:09:59 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main">Open source<br>
|
2022-11-08 09:56:58 +00:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
(GPLv3)</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
2022-11-22 03:33:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="table-main">Messenger</td>
|
2022-12-26 07:55:29 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main"><img src="asset/img/logo-conversations.png"
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
width="100px" height="100px"><br>
|
2022-11-22 03:33:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
Conversations</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td><a class="table-link" href="https://conversations.im/"
|
|
|
|
|
>Conversations</a> is a well-designed Android
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="table-link" href="https://xmpp.org/"
|
2022-12-09 09:38:02 +00:00
|
|
|
>XMPP</a> client which serves as the de facto XMPP reference client and has great
|
|
|
|
|
usability.</td>
|
2022-11-22 03:33:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<td class="table-main">Open source<br>
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
(GPLv3-only)</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
2022-10-29 23:54:59 +01:00
|
|
|
</table>
|
2022-12-20 05:21:08 +00:00
|
|
|
</div>
|
2022-10-29 23:54:59 +01:00
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2022-06-30 06:19:28 +01:00
|
|
|
</body>
|
2022-11-22 04:19:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2022-06-30 06:19:28 +01:00
|
|
|
</html>
|
