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< title > Inferencium - About< / title >
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< a href = "index.html" > < img src = "asset/img/logo-inferencium-no_text.png" width = "110px" height = "110px" > < / a >
< a href = "index.html" class = "title" > Inferencium< / a > < br >
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< br >
< br >
< div > < a href = "about.html" > About< / a > < / div >
< div > < a href = "contact.html" > Contact< / a > < / div >
< div > < a href = "blog.html" > Blog< / a > < / div >
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< div > < a href = "documentation.html" > Documentation< / a > < / div >
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< div > < a href = "source.html" > Source< / a > < / div >
< div > < a href = "key.html" > Key< / a > < / div >
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< div > < a href = "changelog.html" > Changelog< / a > < / div >
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< / div >
< body >
< h1 > About< / h1 >
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< section id = "toc" >
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< h2 id = "toc" > < a href = "#toc" > Table of Contents< a / > < / h2 >
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< ul >
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< li > < a href = "#about_me" > About Me< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#licensing" > Licensing< / a > < / li >
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< ul >
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< li > < a href = "#licensing-code" > Code< a / > < / li >
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< ul >
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< li > < a href = "#licensing-bsd-3-clause" > BSD 3-Clause License< / a > < / li >
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< li > < a href = "#licensing-gpl-2.0" > GNU General Public License v2.0< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
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< li > < a href = "#licensing-noncode" > Non-code< / a > < / li >
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< ul >
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< li > < a href = "#licensing-cc-by-4.0" > Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
< / ul >
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< li > < a href = "#services" > Services< / a > < / li >
< ul >
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< li > < a href = "#websites" > Websites< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
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< li > < a href = "#recommendations" > Recommendations< / a > < / li >
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< ul >
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< li > < a href = "#hardware" > Hardware< / a > < / li >
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< ul >
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< li > < a href = "#hardware-smartphone" > Smartphone< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
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< li > < a href = "#software" > Software< / a > < / li >
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< ul >
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< li > < a href = "#software-desktop" > Desktop< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#software-smartphone" > Smartphone< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
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< li > < a href = "#music" > Music< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
< / ul >
< / section >
< section id = "about_me" >
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< h2 id = "about_me" > < a href = "#about_me" > About Me< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > I am Jake Winters, also known by my pseudonym "Inference", a security researcher
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based in United Kingdom.< br >
I am the founder, lead developer, and administrator, of Inferencium.< br >
All opinions are my own, and are not necessarily shared with projects or people I am
affiliated with.< / p >
< p > I write about my research and experience in cybersecurity and also physical security.
Most of my postings are security-related, but I occasionally post about other aspects of
my life.< / p >
< p > I am an open source advocate for the preservation and modifiability of source code. I
believe source code should be considered human knowledge as much as past knowledge and
teachings were; it is how modern humanity survives and runs.< br >
Source code being modifiable allows it to be adapted for use by anyone, whether to add
features, harden it for increased security and/or privacy, or provide accessibility for
disabled users.< br >
I am also a modular design advocate for the ability to securely and robustly make
changes to hardware and software without the entire system being affected.< / p >
< p > I run the public Systems Hardening XMPP channel dedicated to systems security and
privacy hardening at < code > sys-hardening@muc.xmpp.inferencium.net< / code > , and its
respective off-topic channel at
< code > sys-hardening-ot@muc.xmpp.inferencium.net< / code > .< / p >
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< p > If you wish to contact me for any reason, you can use my
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< a href = "https://inferencium.net/contact.html" > contact methods< / a > .< / p >
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< / section >
< section id = "licensing" >
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< h2 id = "licensing" > < a href = "#licensing" > Licensing< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > I care about upstreaming and sharing code, strongly preferring licenses which
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have high license compatibility in order to permit sharing code with as many other projects
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as possible; for this reason, permissive licenses are my preferred choice, while avoiding
copyleft licenses and other licenses which place restrictions on how my code may be used,
and prevent me from including important proprietary code, such as firmware, which can patch
security vulnerabilities, privacy issues, and stability issues. All of my code is and
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will be permissively licensed unless specific circumstances make it impractical or
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infeasible to do so. My goal is to share code which has the least amount of restrictions as
possible, to allow wider propagation of my code and allow more use cases and possibilities,
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as well as ensuring proprietary code, whenever required, is permitted to be included.< / p >
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< p > My preferred licenses and rationale for using them are below; any licenses
not listed are chosen on a case-by-case basis.< / p >
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< p > < a href = "https://iso.org/standard/81870.html" > ISO 5962:2021< / a >
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is used for licensing, in the format
< code > SPDX-License-Identifier: < license> < / code > ; see the
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< a href = "https://spdx.org/licenses/" > SPDX license list< / a >
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for the full list of available licenses under this standard.< / p >
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< h4 id = "licensing-code" > < a href = "#licensing-code" > Code< / a > < / h4 >
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< h5 id = "licensing-bsd-3-clause" > < a href = "#licensing-bsd-3-clause" > BSD 3-Clause License< / a > < / h5 >
< code > SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause< / code >
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< p > Type: Permissive< / p >
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< p > < a href = "https://spdx.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause.html" > BSD 3-Clause License< / a >
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is a highly permissive
license which allows content licensed under it to be
used in any way, whether in source or binary form, and
allows sublicensing under a different license, with the
only restrictions being the original copyright notice
must be kept in order to attribute the original creator
of the licensed content, and the name of the project
and/or its contributors may not be used to endorse or
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promote products derived from the original project.< / p >
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< h5 id = "licensing-gpl-2.0" > < a href = "#licensing-gpl-2.0" > GNU General Public License v2.0< / a > < / h5 >
< code > SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only< / code >
< p > Type: Copyleft< / p >
< p > < a href = "https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-2.0-only.html" > GNU General Public License v2.0< / a >
is a strong
copyleft license which restricts use of content licensed
under it by requiring all source code of the content to
be publicly available, making binary-only form and
inclusion of proprietary code impossible, requiring all
derivatives to be licensed under the same license
(allowing sublicensing under only newer GPL licenses if
< code > GPL-2.0-or-later< / code > is specified in the SPDX-
License-Identifier), and requiring the original
copyright notice to be kept in order to attribute the
original creator of the licensed content.< br >
Due to the restrictive and invasive nature of this
license, it is avoided unless such restrictions would be
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beneficial to my code; whenever this is the
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case, the GNU General Public License v2.0 will be used,
rather than the more restrictive
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< a href = "https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-3.0-only.html" > GNU General Public License v3.0< / a > ,
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and relicensing
derivatives under the GNU General Public License v3.0
will be disallowed.< / p >
< h4 id = "licensing-noncode" > < a href = "#licensing-noncode" > Non-code< / a > < / h4 >
< h5 id = "licensing-cc-by-4.0" > < a href = "#licensing-cc-by-4.0" > Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International< / a > < / h5 >
< code > SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0< / code >
< p > Type: Permissive< / p >
< p > < a href = "https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0.html" > Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International< / a >
is a
highly permissive license which allows content licensed
under it to be used in any way, in any medium, with the
only restriction being the original copyright notice
must be kept in order to attribute the original creator
of the licensed content.< / p >
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< / section >
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< section id = "services" >
< h2 id = "services" > < a href = "#services" > Services< / a > < / h2 >
< p > This list contains the policies and practices of my services.< / p >
< p > My policies and practices are heavily security- and privacy-focused, with
improvements made on an ongoing basis as new technologies, protocols, and
software etc become available.< / p >
< h3 id = "websites" > < a href = "#websites" > Websites< / a > < / h3 >
< ul >
< li > Unnecessary logging avoided (only logs required for
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security and debugging purposes)< / li >
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< li > All server logs purged every 14 days< / li >
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< li > User IP addresses used only for security and debugging
purposes (purged along with logs)< / li >
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< li > All connections made via TLS 1.3 (TLS 1.2 and older are
unsupported) to ensure the most secure AEAD ciphers are used,
along with forward secrecy (each connection uses a
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different key to previous connections)< / li >
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< li > All connections made via high-security AEAD ciphers,
preferring AES-256-GCM for devices with AES
hardware-acceleration, and ChaCha20-Poly1305 for devices without
AES hardware-acceleration, with AES-128-GCM as a fallback
(AES-128-GCM is mandated for TLS 1.3 by
< a href = "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8446#section-9.1" > IETF RFC8446 section 9.1< / a > )< / li >
< li > All connections are made via high-security key exchange
protocols, preferring X25519, with secp256r1 as a fallback
(secp256r1 is mandated for TLS 1.3 by
< a href = "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8446#section-9.1" > IETF RFC8446 section 9.1< / a > )< / li >
< li > DNSSEC implemented to provide a root-of-trust for encryption
and authentication for domain and server configuration< / li >
< li > Referrer headers disabled to prevent knowing where a user
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was redirected from< / li >
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< li > All content sourced from my own domains, with third-party
content prohibited via Content Security Policy
configuration< / li >
< li > All servers physically under my control (no VPS or other
hosting providers)< / li >
< li > No proprietary services, ensuring I have complete control
over my services, and vendor lock-in does not occur< / li >
< / ul >
< / section >
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< section id = "recommendations" >
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< h2 id = "recommendations" > < a href = "#recommendations" > Recommendations< / a > < / h2 >
< h3 id = "hardware" > < a href = "#hardware" > Hardware< / a > < / h3 >
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< h4 id = "hardware-smartphone" > < a href = "#hardware-smartphone" > Smartphone< / a > < / h4 >
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< table >
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< tr >
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< th > Type< / th >
< th > Hardware< / th >
< th > Description< / th >
< th > Source model< br >
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< br >
(License - SPDX)< / th >
< / tr >
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< tr >
< td > Smartphone< / td >
< td > < img src = "asset/img/google-pixel_6.png" width = "100px" height = "100px" / > < br >
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< br >
Google Pixel< / td >
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< td class = "td-desc" > Google Pixel devices are the best Android devices
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available on the market for
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< a href = "https://security.googleblog.com/2021/10/pixel-6-setting-new-standard-for-mobile.html" > security and privacy< / a > .< br >
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< br >
They allow locking the bootloader with a
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< a href = "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/avb/+/master/README.md#pixel-2-and-later" > custom Android Verified Boot (AVB) key< / a >
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in order to
preserve security and privacy features when installing a
custom operating system, such as
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< a href = "https://source.android.com/docs/security/features/verifiedboot/" > verified boot< / a >
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which verifies that the OS has not
been corrupted or tampered with, and
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< a href = "https://source.android.com/docs/security/features/verifiedboot/verified-boot#rollback-protection" > rollback protection< / a >
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which prevents an adversary
from rolling back the OS or firmware version to a
previous version with known security vulnerabilities.< br >
< br >
They also include a
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< a href = "https://developer.android.com/training/articles/keystore#HardwareSecurityModule" > hardware security module< / a >
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(Titan M2, improving on
the previous generation
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< a href = "https://security.googleblog.com/2018/10/building-titan-better-security-through.html" > Titan M< / a > )
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which is extremely resistant to both
remote and physical attacks due to being completely
isolated from the rest of the system, including the
operating system. Titan M2 ensures that the device
cannot be remotely compromised by requiring the side
buttons of the device to be physically pressed for some
sensitive operations. Titan M2 also takes the role of
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< a href = "https://source.android.com/docs/security/best-practices/hardware#strongbox-keymaster" > Android StrongBox Keymaster< / a > ,
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a
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< a href = "https://source.android.com/docs/security/features/keystore" > hardware-backed Keystore< / a >
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containing sensitive user
keys which are unavailable to the OS or apps running on
it without authorisation from Titan M2 itself.
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< a href = "https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/05/insider-attack-resistance.html" > Insider attack resistance< / a >
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ensures that Titan M2
firmware can be flashed only if the user PIN/password is
already known, making it impossible to backdoor the
device without already knowing these secrets.< br >
< br >
Google Pixel device kernels are compiled with
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< a href = "https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/10/control-flow-integrity-in-android-kernel.html" > forward-edge control-flow integrity< / a >
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and
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< a href = "https://security.googleblog.com/2019/10/protecting-against-code-reuse-in-linux_30.html" > backward-edge control-flow integrity< / a >
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to prevent
code reuse attacks against the kernel. MAC address
randomisation is
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< a href = "https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/04/changes-to-device-identifiers-in.html" > implemented well, along with minimal probe requests and randomised initial sequence numbers< / a > .< br >
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< br >
Google releases
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< a href = "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/pixel/" > guaranteed monthly security updates< / a > ,
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ensuring
Google Pixel devices are up-to-date and quickly
protected against security vulnerabilities.< br >
< br >
Pixel 6-series and 7-series devices are a large
improvement over the already very secure and private
previous generation Pixel devices. They replace
ARM-based Titan M with RISC-V-based Titan M2, reducing
trust by removing ARM from the equation. Titan M2 is
more resiliant to attacks than Titan M, and is
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< a href = "https://www.tuv-nederland.nl/assets/files/cerfiticaten/2022/09/nscib-cc-22-0228971-cert-final.pdf" > AVA_VAN.5 certified< / a > ,
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the highest level of
vulnerability assessment. Google's in-house Tensor SoC
includes Tensor Security Core, further improving device
security.< br >
< br >
Pixel 6-series and 7-series devices are supported for a
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< a href = "https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705#zippy=%2Cpixel-and-later" > minimum of 5 years from launch< / a > ,
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an increase from
previous generations'
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< a href = "https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705#zippy=%2Cpixel-xl-a-a-g-and-a-g" > support lifecycles of 3 years< / a > .< / td >
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< / tr >
< / table >
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< h3 id = "software" > < a href = "#software" > Software< / a > < / h3 >
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< h4 id = "software-desktop" > < a href = "#software-desktop" > Desktop< / a > < / h4 >
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< table >
< tr >
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< th > Type< / th >
< th > Software< / th >
< th > Description< / th >
< th > Source model< br >
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< br >
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(License - SPDX)< / th >
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< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > Operating system< / td >
< td > < img src = "asset/img/logo-gentoo_linux.png" width = "100px" height = "100px" / > < br >
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< br >
Gentoo Linux< / td >
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< td class = "td-desc" > < a href = "https://www.gentoo.org/" > Gentoo Linux< / a >
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is a highly modular, source-based,
Linux-based operating system which allows vast
customisation to tailor the operating system to suit
your specific needs. There are many advantages to such
an operating system, with the most notable being the
ability to optimise the software for security, privacy,
performance, or power usage; however, there are
effectively unlimited other use cases, or a combination
of multiple use cases.< br >
< br >
I have focused on security hardening and privacy
hardening, placing performance below those aspects,
although my system is still very performant. Some of the
hardening I apply includes
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< a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_overflow_protection" > stack protection< / a > ,
< a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_overflow" > signed integer overflow wrapping< / a > ,
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and GrapheneOS'
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< a href = "https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc/" > hardened_malloc< / a >
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memory allocator.< br >
< br >
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You can find my Gentoo Linux configurations in
my
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< a href = "https://src.inferencium.net/Inferencium/cfg/" > configuration respository< / a > .< / td >
< td > Open source< br >
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< br >
(GPL-2.0-only)< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > Web browser< / td >
< td > < img src = "asset/img/logo-chromium.png" width = "100px" height = "100px" / > < br >
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< br >
Chromium< / td >
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< td class = "td-desc" > < a href = "https://chromium.org/" > Chromium< / a >
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is a highly secure web browser which is
often ahead of other web browsers in security aspects.
It has a dedicated security team and a very impressive
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< a href = "https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/brag-sheet/" > security brag sheet< / a > .
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Chromium's security features include a strong
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< a href = "https://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/LinuxSandboxing" > multi-layer sandbox< / a > ,
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strong
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< a href = "https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/site-isolation" > site isolation< / a > ,
< a href = "https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/binding-integrity" > Binding Integrity< / a >
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memory hardening, and
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< a href = "https://www.chromium.org/developers/testing/control-flow-integrity/" > control-flow integrity (CFI)< / a > .< / td >
< td > Open source< br >
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< br >
(BSD-3-Clause)< / td >
< / tr >
< / table >
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< h4 id = "software-smartphone" > < a href = "#software-smartphone" > Smartphone< / a > < / h4 >
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< table >
< tr >
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< th > Type< / th >
< th > Software< / th >
< th > Description< / th >
< th > Source model< br >
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< br >
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(License - SPDX)< / th >
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< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > Operating system< / td >
< td > < img src = "asset/img/logo-grapheneos.png" width = "100px" height = "100px" / > < br >
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< br >
GrapheneOS< / td >
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< td class = "td-desc" > < a href = "https://grapheneos.org/" > GrapheneOS< / a >
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is a security-hardened,
privacy-hardened, secure-by-default, Android-based
operating system which implements extensive, systemic
security and privacy hardening to the Android Open
Source Project used as its base codebase. Its hardening
includes closing gaps for apps to access sensitive
system information, a secure app spawning feature which
avoids sharing address space layout and other secrets
AOSP's default Zygote app spawning model would share,
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< a href = "https://github.com/GrapheneOS/kernel_gs-gs101/" > hardened kernel< / a > ,
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hardened memory allocator
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(< a href = "https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc/" > hardened_malloc< / a > )
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to protect against common memory
corruption vulnerabilties,
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< a href = "https://github.com/GrapheneOS/platform_bionic/" > hardened Bionic standard C library< / a > ,
< a href = "https://github.com/GrapheneOS/platform_system_sepolicy/" > stricter SELinux policies< / a > ,
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and local and remote
hardware-backed attestation
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(< a href = "https://attestation.app/about/" > Auditor< / a > )
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to ensure the OS has not been corrupted or
tampered with.< br >
< br >
GrapheneOS only supports
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< a href = "https://grapheneos.org/faq#device-support" > high security and well-supported devices< / a >
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which
receive full support from their manufacturers, including
firmware updates, long support lifecycles, secure
hardware, and overall high security practices.< br >
< br >
For an extensive list of features GrapheneOS provides,
visit its
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< a href = "https://grapheneos.org/features/" > official features list< / a >
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which provides extensive
documentation.< / td >
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< td > Open source< br >
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< br >
(MIT)< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > Web browser< / td >
< td > < img src = "asset/img/logo-vanadium.png" width = "100px" height = "100px" / > < br >
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< br >
Vanadium< / td >
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< td class = "td-desc" > Vanadium is a security-hardened, privacy-hardened
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Chromium-based web browser which utilises GrapheneOS'
operating system hardening to implement stronger
defenses to the already very secure Chromium web
browser. Its hardening alongside Chromium's base
security features includes
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< a href = "https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Vanadium/blob/13/patches/0081-Implement-UI-for-JIT-site-settings.patch" > disabling JavaScript just-in-time (JIT) compilation by default< / a > ,
< a href = "https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Vanadium/blob/13/patches/0051-stub-out-the-battery-status-API.patch" > stubbing out the battery status API to prevent abuse of it< / a > ,
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and
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< a href = "https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Vanadium/blob/13/patches/0084-Toggle-for-navigating-external-URL-in-incognito.patch" > always-on Incognito mode as an option< / a > .< br >
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< br >
Vanadium's source code, including its Chromium patchset,
can be found in its
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< a href = "https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Vanadium/" > official repository< / a > .< / td >
< td > Open source< br >
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< br >
(GPL-2.0-only)< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > Messenger< / td >
< td > < img src = "asset/img/logo-molly.png" width = "100px" height = "100px" > < br >
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< br >
Molly< / td >
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< td class = "td-desc" > < a href = "https://molly.im/" > Molly< / a >
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is a security-hardened, privacy-hardened
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< a href = "https://signal.org/" > Signal< / a >
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client which hardens Signal by using a
variety of
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< a href = "https://github.com/mollyim/mollyim-android#features" > unique features< / a > ,
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allowing
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< a href = "https://github.com/mollyim/mollyim-android/wiki/Data-Encryption-At-Rest" > locking the database when not in use< / a > ,
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and
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< a href = "https://github.com/mollyim/mollyim-android/blob/a81ff7d120adc9d427be17239107343146bad704/app/src/main/java/org/thoughtcrime/securesms/crypto/MasterSecretUtil.java#L91" > utilising Android StrongBox< / a >
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to protect user keys
using the device's hardware security module.< br >
< br >
Molly is available in
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< a href = "https://github.com/mollyim/mollyim-android#free-and-open-source" > 2 flavours< / a > :< br >
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< ul >
< li > Molly, which includes the same
proprietary Google code as Signal to
support more features.< / li >
< br >
< li > Molly-FOSS, which removes the
proprietary Google code to provide an
entirely open-source client.< / li >
< / ul >
< / td >
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< td > Open source< br >
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< br >
(GPL-3.0-only)< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > Messenger< / td >
< td > < img src = "asset/img/logo-conversations.png" width = "100px" height = "100px" > < br >
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< br >
Conversations< / td >
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< td class = "td-desc" > < a href = "https://conversations.im/" > Conversations< / a >
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is a well-designed Android
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< a href = "https://xmpp.org/" > XMPP< / a >
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client which serves as the de facto XMPP
reference client and has great usability.< / td >
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< td > Open source< br >
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< br >
(GPL-3.0-only)< / td >
< / tr >
< / table >
< / section >
< section id = "music" >
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< h3 id = "music" > < a href = "#music" > Music< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > For a curated list of music I enjoy, visit my
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< a href = "music.html" > music page< / a > .< / p >
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< / section >
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< / body >
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< / html >
